What Parents Can Do to Help Teens Cope With Anger

What Parents Can Do to Help Teens Cope With Anger Emotions Print How Parents Can Help Troubled Teens Cope With Anger Helping Troubled Teens Understand and Express Angry Feelings By Kathryn Rudlin, LCSW Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 13, 2020 Comstock / Getty Images More in Psychology Emotions Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Sleep and Dreaming Many teens get into trouble because of an inability to appropriately discharge feelings of intense anger. Teens become angry for various reasons and express these feelings in a multitude of ways, but all have in common the struggle of experiencing a painful emotion and not knowing how to manage it. Inappropriate expressions of anger can have serious consequences for troubled teens, but most have the capacity to learn better ways of coping. Heres what parents can do to help. Understand Your Teens Anger Anger is an emotion that is quite often challenging for teens and at times can be overwhelming. A teen who doesnt know how to cope with angry feelings may feel a strong desire to act directly on these feelings, even when it puts them or others at risk. Underneath anger are often difficult emotions, such as hurt, frustration or sadness that a teen tries to avoid or isnt aware they are feeling. When a troubled teen is acting out their anger in problematic ways, it can often be helpful for the teen to get in touch with what is driving this emotion and how to express and discharge it in healthier ways. Why Anger Isnt Really the Problem Feeling angry isnt really the problem for most teens. Although anger can produce significant physical and emotional discomfort, it is an appropriate response to being hurt or feeling frustrated or powerless. Anger is a real and important emotion to experience and be aware of; its the expression of this emotion that becomes a struggle for many troubled teens. Much like a toddler who has a temper tantrum when upset or unhappy, a teen experiencing similar emotions often attempts to deal with anger by discharging it onto other people or objects. Many parents are forced to deal with teens driven by anger who punch holes in the wall, get into fights or are mean to others or themselves. Strategies to Help Teens Safely Express Anger The challenge in helping explosive teens is keeping them safe while they learn ways to recognize anger and deal with it more constructively. There is a great deal that parents can do to help an angry teen learn ways to successfully cope with anger, heres how to help your teen deal with their anger: Participate in physical activities. The impulse to do something physical when feeling angry is strong in most teens. Involvement in sports and other exercise helps in expressing anger on a regular basis.Hit a punching bag. Teens need safe ways to get their anger out, a punching bag works well, so does hitting a pillow repeatedly, or using a foam padded bat.Take a time-out. When anger escalates teens may need time alone to calm down and yell, cry or whatever is needed so they stay safe and others are not negatively impacted.Get into music. Popular with most teens, music works well to help teens identify and express feelings of anger, whether through singing, dancing or playing along with songs filled with rage.Identify triggers to anger. The better your teen can make the connection between what leads to angry outbursts, the more control theyll have in expressing this emotion.Creatively express angry feelings. Both writing and drawing can be used effectively by teens to express and und erstand anger. When a troubled teen still isnt able to get a handle on their anger its time to consider getting professional help to get to the root of their anger and learn ways to manage these feelings. Expressive therapies help teens express anger, anger management groups provide an opportunity for teens to learn from each other, individual therapy provides a safe place to explore this difficult emotion. Keep in mind that uncontrolled anger is sometimes associated with mental health disorders in teens, so make sure to get professional help for your teen if their anger continues to be a problem. The 7 Best Online Anger Management Classes

What Parents Can Do to Help Teens Cope With Anger

What Parents Can Do to Help Teens Cope With Anger Emotions Print How Parents Can Help Troubled Teens Cope With Anger Helping Troubled Teens Understand and Express Angry Feelings By Kathryn Rudlin, LCSW Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 13, 2020 Comstock / Getty Images More in Psychology Emotions Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Sleep and Dreaming Many teens get into trouble because of an inability to appropriately discharge feelings of intense anger. Teens become angry for various reasons and express these feelings in a multitude of ways, but all have in common the struggle of experiencing a painful emotion and not knowing how to manage it. Inappropriate expressions of anger can have serious consequences for troubled teens, but most have the capacity to learn better ways of coping. Heres what parents can do to help. Understand Your Teens Anger Anger is an emotion that is quite often challenging for teens and at times can be overwhelming. A teen who doesnt know how to cope with angry feelings may feel a strong desire to act directly on these feelings, even when it puts them or others at risk. Underneath anger are often difficult emotions, such as hurt, frustration or sadness that a teen tries to avoid or isnt aware they are feeling. When a troubled teen is acting out their anger in problematic ways, it can often be helpful for the teen to get in touch with what is driving this emotion and how to express and discharge it in healthier ways. Why Anger Isnt Really the Problem Feeling angry isnt really the problem for most teens. Although anger can produce significant physical and emotional discomfort, it is an appropriate response to being hurt or feeling frustrated or powerless. Anger is a real and important emotion to experience and be aware of; its the expression of this emotion that becomes a struggle for many troubled teens. Much like a toddler who has a temper tantrum when upset or unhappy, a teen experiencing similar emotions often attempts to deal with anger by discharging it onto other people or objects. Many parents are forced to deal with teens driven by anger who punch holes in the wall, get into fights or are mean to others or themselves. Strategies to Help Teens Safely Express Anger The challenge in helping explosive teens is keeping them safe while they learn ways to recognize anger and deal with it more constructively. There is a great deal that parents can do to help an angry teen learn ways to successfully cope with anger, heres how to help your teen deal with their anger: Participate in physical activities. The impulse to do something physical when feeling angry is strong in most teens. Involvement in sports and other exercise helps in expressing anger on a regular basis.Hit a punching bag. Teens need safe ways to get their anger out, a punching bag works well, so does hitting a pillow repeatedly, or using a foam padded bat.Take a time-out. When anger escalates teens may need time alone to calm down and yell, cry or whatever is needed so they stay safe and others are not negatively impacted.Get into music. Popular with most teens, music works well to help teens identify and express feelings of anger, whether through singing, dancing or playing along with songs filled with rage.Identify triggers to anger. The better your teen can make the connection between what leads to angry outbursts, the more control theyll have in expressing this emotion.Creatively express angry feelings. Both writing and drawing can be used effectively by teens to express and und erstand anger. When a troubled teen still isnt able to get a handle on their anger its time to consider getting professional help to get to the root of their anger and learn ways to manage these feelings. Expressive therapies help teens express anger, anger management groups provide an opportunity for teens to learn from each other, individual therapy provides a safe place to explore this difficult emotion. Keep in mind that uncontrolled anger is sometimes associated with mental health disorders in teens, so make sure to get professional help for your teen if their anger continues to be a problem. The 7 Best Online Anger Management Classes

Jazz A History Essay - 740 Words

Jazz: The History nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The music called Jazz was born sometime around 1895 in New Orleans. It combined elements of Ragtime, marching band music and Blues. What made Jazz such a different perspective of traditional music was its act of improvising. There was a widespread use of improvisation often by more than one player at a time. Songwriters would write the music down on a piece of paper, and then the Jazz musicians would try their best to play the music. Usually in a Jazz piece, musicians would use the song as a starting point to improvise around. Jazz musicians would play a familiar song to the audience, and by the time they were done with the piece they would stir up a totally different feeling away from the†¦show more content†¦The second generations of Jazz musicians were some like Joe â€Å"King† Oliver, Kid Ory, and Jelly Roll Morton. These people formed a small band and started to reshape the way the original Jazz music was played. They have made it into a different style with more complications and twists and turns. And so it became known as â€Å"Hot Jazz†. King Oliver found a young artist by the name of Louis Armstrong. He soon grew to become the greatest Jazz musician anyone has known. He is still a big star in the world today. By the 20th Century, African-American musical styles became the dominant force. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The instruments played during Jazz were the average instruments played today, and nothing dissimilar. There would be about ten instruments in a band such as trumpet, string bass, guitar, piano, drums, saxophone, clarinet, trombone, and oboe. They are not all of the instruments but the basics. But in general, any instrument can become a Jazz instrument as long as it can play to the beat of Jazz. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;During the 1920’s which is also known as the â€Å"Roaring Twenties†, Chicago became the focal point for Jazz after clubs around New Orleans were closed. Record deals were being made there and soon Jazz was being acknowledged for the brilliant music it played. Famous musicians who received acclaim for their work in Chicago were Earl Hines, Johnny Dodds, Louis Armstrong, and King Oliver. In New York City, itShow MoreRelatedThe History of Jazz Essay635 Words   |  3 PagesThe History Of Jazz The first jazz was played in the early 20th century. The work chants and folk music of black Americans are among the sources of jazz, which reflects the rhythms and expressions of West African song. Ragtime, an Afro-American music that first appeared in the 1890s, was composed for the piano, and each rag is a composition with several themes. The leading ragtime composer was Scott Joplin. The first improvising jazz musician was the cornetist Buddy Bolden, leader of a band inRead MoreHistory of Jazz Midterm2237 Words   |  9 PagesHistory of Jazz Midterm 1.) Edward Kennedy â€Å"Duke† Ellington was an American jazz composer, pianist, and bandleader who has been one of the most influential musicians in jazz. The Duke has released countless albums and songs, but not many know of his triumph as a musical theatre composer. Duke Ellington’s 1941 Jump For Joy was the first theatre show to openly discard the African- American stereotypes which prevailed in the arts at the time. In fact Jump for Joy openly discussed these stereotypesRead MoreThe History of Jazz Music Essay960 Words   |  4 PagesThe History of Jazz Music If you truly want to appreciate the music you listen to, I would recommend that you study about its Roots. It was a life changing experience for me to study about the music of the United States. I studied about Jazz, Blues, Ragtime, Spirituals and Gospel. It was Rather astonishing to see how this music is inter- related. It is said that American music is Jazz. My studies revealed to me that Jazz is an African American creation which startedRead MoreHistory and Legacy of Jazz Music Essay1001 Words   |  5 Pagessocial status. This new genre was called jazz, and it became so popular that an era was named after it. Jazz is a blend of African American spiritual folk songs and faster upbeat Ragtime that uses a variety of beats and rhythms along with improvisations to captivate its audiences. Jazz music originated from the African American culture, but spread quickly through the rest of America as the African Americans migrated north for new work (Great Neck Publishing). Jazz music was considered so unique becauseRead MoreRagtime And Blues : The History And Their Influence On Jazz1581 Words   |  7 PagesRagtime and Blues: The History and Their Influence on Jazz In the city of New Orleans, from parades to clubs and from weddings to funerals, one element usually remained constant throughout all these events: the music that permeated the air. At most of these occasions, a band often performed as entertainment, providing many opportunities for musicians in the area to work. By the early 20th century, due to various factors such as mix of ethnicities and cultures with syncopated musical styles influencedRead MoreJazz History Concert Report On The Concert1638 Words   |  7 PagesJazz History Concert Report The date of the concert was October 5, 2016 and the title of the concert is â€Å"Experimental Improvisation with: Kjell Nordeson Peter Kuhn†. The concert was performed in Mesa College Music building. Peter Kuhn had three instruments with him a bass clarinet, saxophone, and a Bb Clarinet. He used the bass clarinet and the saxophone during his first piece, and the clarinet on the second piece. Kjell Nordeson was on the drum but had a lot of instruments with him. SometimesRead MoreThe History and Influence of Jazz in America Essay example852 Words   |  4 PagesJazz is consider one of the most influential types of music an America History. Some of the greatest artist in the world have contribute to the success jazz have had not only on America History but throughout the world. This paper will explain the history of jazz, where it all came from and the effect it has had on the America Culture. Meltingpot.fortuecity.com states the in the 1930’s and 1940’s jazz was at it all time highest. Although it is unclear when jazz first started some believe jazzRead MoreA Brief History of Piano Greats and Jazz Essay1426 Words   |  6 PagesA Brief History of Piano Greats and Jazz The piano has been a pivotal instrument throughout the development of jazz music. Starting with ragtime, which developed out of classical music, all the way to modern jazz the piano has been a foundational instrument upon which many styles have been built. This is a result of the versatility of the instrument, as it has the ability to play accompaniment, rhythm, and solo improvisation simultaneously. Throughout the course of jazz history many musicians haveRead MoreJazz Has Been A Part Of American Culture Throughout History1372 Words   |  6 PagesJazz has been a part of American culture throughout history that is still being explored today. Jazz has a rich history that goes back many years. Jazz has also developed into many different styles that trace to places all around the world. There have been many jazz musicians throughout the years. Jazz music has a very complex, but good musical tune and instrumentation to it. Jazz had started, when musicians came to New Orleans to play, most of the people that came to play were former slaves ofRead MoreThe Most Influential Jazz Artists History And Thee Most Important Figure Essay1347 Words   |  6 Pagesone of the most influential jazz artists history and thee most important figure in jazz history. From the 1920’s all the way through the 1960’s, Armstrong had a very illustrious career. Armstrong was a composer, instrumentalist, arranger and a singer. Giving him many ways to have an everlasting legacy in music. He innovated many different styles and excelled in many different eras of jazz. Armstrong made an abundant of contributions to jazz ranging from new styles of jazz including a new way of singing

Effect Of The Sex Industry On Women - 907 Words

â€Å"Sex work.† It sounds harmless enough, attempting to make the sale and purchase of women’s bodies as legitimate as any job. Sex work, we are told, represents a feminist response to the masculine hold on the traditional job market. We are further led to believe that it is empowering, that these women are taking control of their sexuality and using it for their own purposes, turning the tables on the patriarchy. The problem with this mindset, however, is that it is not based in reality. The term â€Å"sex work† is meant to make exploitation of women’s bodies through their commercialization seem natural. For the purposes of this discussion, it should be noted that sex work covers a wide range of different practices. Most notably, it covers prostitution and the sale of sex, but it also extends to the strip club industry and the porn industry, as all three of these feed off of each other and emerge from the same broken system. The effects of the sex indust ry on women, however, differs across racial and class boundaries, especially in prostitution, where women of different ethnic backgrounds are often treated as commodities, to attracts certain consumers’ interests for â€Å"exotic† tastes. Although the exploitation of women through sex work takes different forms for women of different backgrounds, the sex industry as a whole is a fundamentally harmful institution that profits from the commercialization and objectification of women and women’s bodies. The sex industry is primarily engagedShow MoreRelatedThe introduction of new technological advanced innovations and methods during the Market Revolution1700 Words   |  7 Pagesof people, especially women, are deceived and moved from their motherland to work in unfavorable industries with prostitution as the most common jobs for these women. With the incessant growth of the prostitution, the act of participating in promiscuous copulation especially for money, theres an outgoing debate on whether prostitution should be legalized or illegalized. However, people fail to focus on the increasing amount of trafficking and child prostitution aroused by sex tourism. As the worldRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legal? Essay1261 Words   |  6 Pagesoppressive to women. This debate has existed since the dawn of time, and there is still no clear answer. Society demands that police should stop certain illicit activities from happening in their neighborhoods, but should law enforcement be made to waste their time and effort to arrest those that may or may not be prostitutes? While some believe legalizing prostitution will only encourage more people to buy sex, making prostitution legal will protect those who work in the sex industry. The earliestRead MoreDiscussing The Legalization Of Prostitution1604 Words   |  7 Pages(Mossman, 2007). Prostitution has been shaped by economic, demographic, social, and ethical changes over the years, which contributed to what is now known as â€Å"sex industry.† Cellphones and the internet have influenced the marketing and advertising of this industry, both locally and across borders. With international traveling made easy, sex workers became more mobile, through people trafficking and voluntarily. Because of all these changes, all over the world came the development of different legalRead MoreGail Diness How Porn Has Hijacked Our Sexuality Essay1196 Words   |  5 Pagesand relationship†(xi). With the competition of the pornography industry and the consumer desensitization of porn has driven the porn industry to create more hard core porn to satisfy the consumers and raise profits. In the beginning of the book, Dines’ depicts the history of pornography and the growing number of competition porn has for consumers. Later she describes, the impact porn has on ou r culture, the effects on both men and women, and our relationships Pornography has a tremendously evolvedRead MoreSex Tourism And The Dominican Republic Essay1611 Words   |  7 Pages Sex tourism in the Dominican Republic is very common. It is defined as an organize vacation with the purpose to have sexual activities with foreign people because of the lack of restriction in the country. It sounds pretty likely as prostitution, but the difference is that sex tourism is only for tourists and prostitution is for everyone. Many women in the Dominican Republic define themselves as sex workers , who get together with a representative to organize their sexual activities with theirRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1663 Words   |  7 Pagescountries have had several negative effects following the legalization of prostitution. Nevertheless, this series of events have sparked discussion in the United States over whether or not the country should allow prostitution in all fifty states. The ban against sex work had previously consisted massively on moral and religious mandates for several hundred years. However, in modern times, enough research has been conducted in distinct areas of the country and the industry in order to come to a conclusionRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of The Legalization Of Prostitution993 Words   |  4 PagesENG2D1-06 Mrs. Galati The Negative Effects of the Legalization of Prostitution in Canada Prostitution is an excuse for someone to degrade someone else s body and exploit them. In the alleged business of prostitution, a man usually pays a women in exchange for sex. By legalizing prostitution and taking away the legal barriers, the morals and principles of people are challenged. Therefore many people may believe it is acceptable to take advantage of vulnerable women in exchange for money, treating themRead MoreProstitution Is A Profession For Victims Of Coercion, Human Trafficking, Physical, And Mental Health1396 Words   |  6 Pagesnumber of issues this profession which don’t just include the rights of male and female sex workers, but also concern the physical and mental health of the clients and service. Prostitution is a profession for victims of coercion, human trafficking, physical contact and drug abuse that needs to be ended. The time is now. Legalizing prostitution and making it a legitimate profession only makes it into an industry that is harder to escap e from and easier enter into, forming prostitution into an evenRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Prostitution1061 Words   |  5 Pagescomes to those women there on their own accord or those forced and trafficked. While legalizing prostitution could possibly allow for human trafficking to be monitored more closely, it feeds into the demand. Logically, legalizing sex work will increase the demand. Since it is legal, people who would otherwise refrain from going to a brothel because it is illegal are now much more likely to start frequenting brothels. With sex in demand, it would then increase the amount of women and girls traffickedRead MoreThe Positives Of Decriminalizing Prostitution1283 Words   |  6 PagesProstitution has been considered a criminal act for centuries throughout the world and it is also considered by some to be the world’s oldest profession, dating back to biblical time. The dictionary defines the term, â€Å"The act of having sex in exchange for money: the use of a skill or ability in a way that is not appropriate or respectable† (Merriam-Webster). This act became illegal in America in the early 20th century. Decriminalizing prostitution has its positives and negatives. If prostitution

Negative Effects Of Modernism - 742 Words

INTRODUCTION Postmodernism is an era of intellectual growth that is characterized by the move away from modernism. Postmodernism believes that truth is subject and not absolute. Thomas Oden declares modernism to be the period between the French revolution as marked by the storming of the Bastille in Paris 1789 and the collapse of the Berlin wall 1989. page 696. Postmodern started from 1950-1980.page 697. since many of us are born in a postmodern era the question to ask is how can todays generation reconcile with postmodern culture, what are the things they value the most and how can todays Christians aligned themselves with postmodern ideas even as we are walking with God. To, answer this question we will look at the four types or†¦show more content†¦Delegitimation is another form of postmodernism which in general people agree that there are certain legitimate metanarratives that existed to which all rational person should subscribe especially those of Christian nations. But postmodernism has called these legitimate ideologies into question. for example, the idea that a man must marry one wife till death separates them has been called into question by postmodern views. Advantages -Postmodernism, it encourages open-minded ideas. for example, support for equal rights for minorities. - It also raises important questions about changes in tradition. - create an open mind to mysticism. - It also encourages diversity. - It encourages the creation of community. Disadvantages - Inability to speak to condemn evil. - Post-modernism ignores the truth. - it rejects modernism, religion, and science. - postmodernism has no basic stand because their theory has no foundation. Personal application of postmodernism to my Christian life since postmodernism denies modernism, it is important for one to understand that todays culture encourages mostly postmodern, millennial and centennials ideas. There are two significant things that one need to adopt in applying postmodern ideas to our lives. The first thing one needs to adopt as we walk with Christ is to have an open mind. Since todays culture has an open-minded culture especially in the western world. As Christians we are called to think and act toward this path; For usShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness And The The Mystic Masseur 1544 Words   |  7 Pages In Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness and V.S. Naipaul’s The Mystic Masseur, the concept of modernism is established through two supporting characters, both of which have only brief physical interactions with our protagonists. Kurtz, from Heart of Darkness, and Mr. Stewart, from The Mystic Masseur, both represent the idea of modernism through both their beliefs and their actions, in a time when modernism was finding its footprints and was viewed differently to those foreign to the movement. AlthoughRead MorePostmodernism And Postmodernism Art And Design Terminology, Meanings, Context And Principles1466 Words   |  6 PagesCompare and contrast Modernism and Postmodernism art and design terminology, meaning, context and principles. Modernism and Postmodernism are two art movements that massively contribute to each other’s ideas and principals, however have elements within them that are completely opposite to each other. This questions whether their principles actually help each other and if deep down are in somewhat similar, or whether the two ideas are wholly separate. Modernism is a term to describe the movementRead MoreExploring Whether or not Profanity in Music is Corrupting our Youth1376 Words   |  6 Pagesinsists that we must act now to protect our society from the damaging effects of explicit music. Becky L. Tatum argues in her article â€Å"The Link Between Rap Music and Youth Crime and Violence† that the effects of rap music are basically unknown and extensive research must be conducted before causal assumptions are made. Martha Bayles suggest in her article â€Å"The Perverse in the Popular, that society is attracted to evils or negatives and therefore would not allow music censorship to be successful .ThereforeRead MoreThe Cherry Orchard Essay751 Words   |  4 PagesModernist Literature In the world of literature, modernism is represented by the moving away from traditional rules and practices, looking at man’s place in the world with a realistic view, and experimenting with form and style. Modernism focuses on the use of language and the function of the actual writing. Modernist literature moves away from Romanticism by exploring subject matter that in the past was viewed as boring and often pessimistic. Instead of using language that is poetic, the languageRead MoreThe Demon Lover By Elizabeth Bowen1383 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Modernism released us from the constraints of everything that had gone before with a euphoric sense of freedom†(Erickson). During the 20th century, British writers switched their writing style to mimic the values of the modernism period. The main values of this period include psychology and science, the effects of war, social and personal concerns, and streams of consciousness. â€Å"The Demon Lover† by Elizabeth B owen, â€Å"Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night† by Dylan Thomas and â€Å"The Naming of Cats†Read MoreSociological Reflection1052 Words   |  5 Pagessociological concepts that has helped me improve my understanding of the relation between society and myself: modernism, virtual communities, and resocialization. The first concept I want to talk about is modernism. Our textbook defines modernism as a paradigm that places trust in the power of science and technology to create progress, solve problems, and improve life. I believe modernism is one of the most important concepts that I have learned this semester because most of the way we communicateRead MoreImpressionism as a Avant-garde Movement970 Words   |  4 Pageslatter statement is explained. References to the writings of Charles Harrison, Clement Greenberg and Wilhelm Worringer is used to theorise the aesthetics of modernity. â€Æ' 2. IMPRESSIONISM AS MODERN ART Modernism is the heartbeat of culture, or as Clement Greenberg (1992:754) states, modernism involves of what â€Å"is truly alive in our culture† and it includes more than just art and literature. Western civilization began to interrogate their foundations and progressed into a self-critical societyRead MoreThe Four Noble Truths Of Buddhism1635 Words   |  7 Pagesfigures, Kaneta Taio and Che-Un Sunim, have worked in Japan and Korea respectively to help relieve the suffering of their people. Moreover, by evaluating the lives of Taio and Che-Un, we are able to identify limitations in the definitions of Buddhist modernism outlined by authors we have studied in class such as David McMahan and Anne Blackburn. Kaneta Taio is a zen priest known for his efforts to help the Japanese community after the earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear disaster in 2011. More than 15,000Read MoreTechniques and Concerns of Modernism1482 Words   |  6 PagesDemonstrate your understanding of the context and values of Modernism by close analysis of the techniques and concerns of Modernism that are reflected in one poem and one short story. Modernism as a movement is an artistic reaction to the conventional art and literature of mid- to late 19th century. World War I introduced advanced technology and the introduction of industrialisation provoked Modernist writers to express their concerns about the changing society and the complexities it of throughRead MoreEssay on Metamorphosis and Postmodernism1122 Words   |  5 Pagestheory of modernism which took its ideology from the three pillars: progress, hierarchy of cultures, universals. McEvilley believes that the modernist ideals are just a way of creating a false reality, a world where no one is suffering and everything is beautiful. In his novel The Metamorphosis, Franz Kafka uses the dramatic transformation of his character, Gregor, to mock the societal construct of the twentieth century. This very act of mockery goes against the three pillars of modernism, making this

Dimensions and Antecedents of OCB Literature Analysis

Question: Discuss about the Dimensions and Antecedents of OCB for Literature Analysis. Answer: Introduction As explained by Hakim, et al. (2014, p. 3) organization citizenship behavior was first proposed by Organ in 1998 by listing specific dimensions which include civic virtue, conscientiousness, altruism, courtesy , sportsmanship and. Firms require workers who would be willing to do their work and exceed the predetermined objectives of the organization. OCB is considered essential because it can lead to increased effectiveness of the firm, (Qamar, 2012, p. 105). This report provides the literature review of the dimensions and antecedents of organization citizenship behavior. OCBs are typically individual discretionary activities carried out by employees that are not within their formal job description. They represent the ability of the members of the organization to work efficiently and exceed the described job requirements, (Khurana, et al., 2014, p. 256). There are five dimensions of OCB which have been discussed in this literature review. The Dimensions of OCB This can be explained as the involvement of workers in the enterprise's political life and be supporting in the management roles of the enterprise. It refers to the willingness of workers to take part in the activities of the company such as keeping up with the changes administered by the organizations and going to dispensable meetings of the firm, (Lo Ramayah, 2009, p. 56). This dimension was derived from the findings made by Graham, which stated that workers should have the responsibility of being great citizens of the firm, ( Bukhari, 2008, p. 107). These behaviors therefore accurately reflect the workers recognition of becoming part of the enterprise and accept every responsibility within the organization Civic virtue among the employees enables the organization to obtain effectiveness. This is because the employees will be able to offer the management with several suggestions for improvement. Employees will also be willing to adapt positively to changes within the firm, (Khurana, et al., 2014, p. 257). It is more likely to result in a purposeful contribution to the success of the business among the employees than other dimensions. Conscientiousness is the ability of workers to go beyond the standard requirements of the firm, regarding job performance, obedience to the rules of the business and attendance. The workers who exhibit this type of discretionary behavior would be willing to attend to their duties daily without delay, (DiPaola Tsachannen, 2014, p. 425). Conscientiousness may also mean strict observance of the set rules and regulations within the organization. It is believed that conscientiousness is the mindfulness to be involved in the organization systems. Employees who are fully willing to be part of the operations of the firm, contribute to the team performance and effectiveness as they will be prepared to work correctly, (Jiao et al., 2011, p. 15). Individuals can, therefore, be grouped into lower conscientious, conscientious, more conscientious and high conscientious, (Bergeron-Gadot Beeri, 2012, p. 8). The top conscientious employees are usually more persistent in conducting their duties whether or not there could be an additional benefit or reward. Higher performance is linked to higher conscientiousness, while lower values are connected to lower conscientiousness. Altruism entails discretionary behaviors that are associated with the willingness of a worker to assist a coworker. It can also be referred to as selflessness of a worker towards the success of an enterprise, (Al-zubi, 2011, p. 221). Employees who are willing to help their fellow employees whom they work with are referred to as altruists, (Lee Kim, 2015, p. 154). Employees may be absent from their workplaces due to sickness, stress caused by loss of a relative or other commitments. When such employees are absent, their fellow workers who are willing to take their part for that day are altruists. Altruism, therefore, encompasses being mindful to others, helping workers with heavy workloads, helping new recruits to adjust appropriately in their jobs, and motivating fellow workers in the workplace, (Yadav Punia, 2012, p. 15). Socially developed values that emphasize on elevating organizations values over the individual interests of workers encourage altruism. Altruism, therefore, contributes to organizational effectiveness by promoting cooperation within the business, whereby employees perform their duties in unison. According to Vigoda-Gadot Beeri (2012, p. 578), it is a citizenship behavior geared towards improving the performance of the workers and making the employees understand that the organization's objectives are supreme than personal interests. Human resource management involves recruitment, training, motivation, appraisal and promotion of employees among other duties. In these steps, employees may feel demotivated and demoralized. A good example is a new employee. Some employees find their assignments challenging and difficult to execute, (Yadav Punia, 2012, p. 15). Whenever employees feel discouraged with a particular job, their fellow workers should always encourage them. This is a courtesy. Courtesy, therefore, includes behavior which aims at preventing problems in the firm and taking appropriate steps to lessen the effects of particular challenges in future, ( Bukhari, 2008, p. 109). It also encompasses members of a firm helping fellow workers in their duties, whenever they experience problems. Altruism is tightly attached to performance analysis and positive affectivity, ( Bukhari, 2008, p. 109). Early research has indicated that subordinates who practice courtesy may help in solving conflicts in the organization. In 1988, Organ defined this dimension as the demonstration of tolerance to the irritations that may arise within the organization. In many occasions, employees get irritated by certain conditions, (Jiao et al., 2011, p. 21). These circumstances may include a change in organization strategies, a distraction from colleagues and unfavorable work conditions, (Yadav Punia, 2012, p. 16). These irritations usually form part of every organization setting. Sportsmanship would, therefore, improve the morale of the workers and eliminate the chances of employee turnover as well. Organ identified four personality traits that relate to organization citizenship behavior. These included neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, and agreeability, (Lo Ramayah, 2009, p. 48). Personality has a critical positive effect on OCB. This means that employees will execute their roles and exceed the standards laid down by the enterprise, ( Bukhari, 2008, p. 109). When the employees take their work seriously and become accommodative to change, employees can work with motivation. Workers who are collaborative and able to help their co-workers exhibit positive personality, (Bukhari, 2008, p. 109). Emotional stability is also another attribute of character that encourages OCB. The traditional indicators of OCB encompass organizational commitment, job satisfaction, motivation, employee engagement, and the level of trust existing between the employees, the supervisors, and co-workers. Whenever the employees are comfortable in their workplace, they exhibit job satisfaction, (Al-zubi, 2011, p. 221). Job satisfaction ensures the employees are motivated with their job positions and able to work with ease to exceed the set standards, (Bergeron et al., 2013, p. 80). Organizational commitment is also an essential attribute of attitude that encourages OCB. Firms which are fully committed to exceeding the objectives and goals they set usually contribute to effectiveness. Leadership styles encourage OCB. Leadership can be instrumental, transformational or supportive, (DiPaola Tschannen, 2014, p. 442). Instrumental leadership supports role clarity among the employees which in turn makes them more motivated to work, (Qamar, 2012, p. 111). The supervisors should always notify the subordinates the expectations required of them. This enables the workers to perform with a view of meeting the set expectations. Supportive leadership is where the leader is concerned with the affairs of the employees, supporting them to realize the objectives of the firm. It contains some aspects of altruism, (Vigoda-Gadot Beeri, 2012, p. 581). This leadership style revolves around ensuring that the well-being of the workers has appropriately been considered. On the other hand, transformational leadership encourages motivation in the organization. The employees get inspired and supported by the supervisors, (Jiao et al., 2011, p. 23). In this type of leadership, there are alw ays high-performance expectations by the leaders. A group encompasses a collection of employees who are aimed at achieving a common objective within the organization. Groups which are cohesive can improve the organizational effectiveness, (Al-zubi, 2011, p. 160). The team members in such groups will also be willing to remain in the groups. Team members must be supportive of each other, (Qamar, 2012, p. 121). Group potency usually improves group cooperation and generate strength. Whenever an organization is team-oriented, it formulated team-oriented strategies. The effectiveness of the individual teams is, therefore, critical in ensuring. Group traits are therefore important determinants of organization citizenship behavior. Conclusion The antecedents and dimensions of organization citizenship behavior have been satisfactorily discussed in this literature review. Some dimensions of OCB include sportsmanship, courtesy, conscientiousness, civic virtue, and altruism. These aspects contribute to the firms' effectiveness when exhibited by employees in executing their duties. Antecedents of OCB include the attitude of employees, personality, leadership traits and group characteristics. These antecedents encourage OCB making the workers perform beyond the organizations expectations. References. Al-Zubi, H.A., 2011. Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Impacts on Knowledge Sharing: An Empirical Study. International business Research, 4(3), p.221. Bergeron, D.M., Shipp, A.J., Rosen, B. Furst, S.A., 2013. Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Career Outcomes: The Cost of Being a Good Citizen. Journal of Management, 39(4), pp.958-984. Bukhari, Z. u., 2008. Key Antecedents of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in the Banking Sector of Pakistan. International Journal of b Business Management, December, 3(12), pp. 106-115. DiPaola, M. Tschannen-Moran, M., 2014. Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Schools and its Relationship to School Climate. Journal of School Leadership, 11(5), pp.424-447. Hakim, W., Nimran, U., Haerani, S. Alam, S., 2014. The Antecedent of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and their Effect on Performance. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-GBM), February, 16(2), pp. 5-13. Jiao, C., Richards, D.A. Zhang, K., 2011. Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: OCB-specific Meanings as Mediators. Journal of Business and Psychology, 26(1), pp.11-25. Khurana, R., Singh, V. K. Khandelwal, S., 2014. Key Antecedents of Organization Citizenship Behavior. The International Journal of Business Management, May, 2(5), pp. 256-263. Lee, U.H. Kim, H.K., 2015. Antecedents of Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Mediating Role of Leader-member Exchange. Journal of Digital Convergence, 13(1), pp.151-162. Lo, M.-C. Ramayah, T., 2009. Dimensionality of Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) in a Multicultural Society. Journal of International Business Research, January, 2(1), pp. 48-55. Qamar, N., 2012. Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment as Antecedents of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 4(7), pp.103-122. Sharma, J.P., Bajpai, N. Holani, U., 2011. Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Public and Private Sector and its Impact on Job Satisfaction: A Comparative Study in Indian Perspective. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(1), p.67. Vigoda-Gadot, E. Beeri, I., 2012. Change-oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Public Administration: The power of Leadership and the Cost of Organizational Politics. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 22(3), pp.573-596. Yadav, P. Punia, B.K., 2012. Organisational Citizenship Behavior: A Review of Antecedent, Correlates, Outcomes and Future Research Directions. International Journal of Human Potential Development, 2(2), pp.01-19.

To what extent do you think Shylock deserves the treatment given to him in the trial scene Essay Example

To what extent do you think Shylock deserves the treatment given to him in the trial scene Essay Shylock receives a variety of treatment during Act 4 Scene 1. He receives pity, mercy but most of all he is treated as bad as a dog; a wolf, being viewed as heartless and vicious. Gratiano begins insulting Shylock before Portia enters; at the beginning of the court hearing. He says thou be damned inexecrable dog, hoping Shylock would die for what he is doing. Gratiano tends to express the opinions of other people rather than his own, which shows how hated Shylock is. However, Shylock does receive (what turns out to be) mercy when Portia tell Shylock to be merciful. It is an attribute to God himself, Portia exclaims, showing she has considered how to appeal to Shylock and how she considers him as an equal, talking about their god and not excluding shylock as a non-believer etc. as others do. Although, while I think she is being fair in giving him mercy, I consider the possibility that if it was Antonio seizing a pound of Shylocks flesh, then Portia would not of tried to stop him. But I cannot be sure of this as there is no evidence supporting this apart from the Christians general hatred towards Jews and more specifically Shylock. We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent do you think Shylock deserves the treatment given to him in the trial scene specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent do you think Shylock deserves the treatment given to him in the trial scene specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent do you think Shylock deserves the treatment given to him in the trial scene specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Later on, Shylock is offered to take 9000 ducats, thrice what he wanted, and leave. However, Shylock declines this offer due to it not being paid, according to the tenour, while the date to pay the money back has been passed and therefore Shylock was entitled to the forfeit, it still comes across to me as evil to want to kill Antonio instead of taking substantially more money. This shows that Shylock was being evil and unforgiving, leaving you to think that later on in the scene; the treat he got was deserved. Furthermore, Shylock was asked to Have by some surgeon but Shylock denies Portias request as it is not nominated in the bond. This clearly confirms if it wasnt already that Shylocks aim is to kill Antonio, and in my opinion no one should have the right to kill an innocent man. However, I cant help but think about Shylocks and Antonios history, before the play began. From my point of view, Shylock is reacting in retaliation to Antonio, by the fact hes so determined yet nervous, this means to me that Antonio has done bad things to shylock and is not completely innocent, although again the only evidence I have for this is that Shylock says you spat on me, called me dog. But it also seems Antonio has done something more than that too. Moreover, Shylock is constantly insulted for his religion; whether it be Gratiano calling him a currish Jew or just people constantly referring to him as the Jew, perceiving him as maybe not human and categorising and segregating him because of his religion. Its quite clear that in Shakespeares time, very few people would be aware of their racism, as it is natural in their time. In fact, the only character to make a point of racism is Shylock with the Hath not a Jews eyes speech, however, he is also guilty of it himself, constantly stopping his daughter from seeing a boy or going to a party with one for he is a Christian. However, you cannot know if this is blatant racism or a You hate me, so I hate you situation. Either way Shylock definitely doesnt deserve the racial abuse he gets. Again, in Shakespeares time it would be different with the audience even cheering when anybody insults Shylock or even shouting out racist insults at him themselves. At this point in the play, just before Shylock cuts Antonio, I felt as if Shylock was receiving his justice, even if it is sick and wrong. Antonio had agreed to the bond so in a legal viewpoint, everything was fine, even if it was off quite a bit from a moral Viewpoint. I felt as if Antonio seemed to deserve a punishment for what hes (supposedly) done, but death, I still felt, was too harsh. Portia then says this bond doth give thee here no jot of blood. I feel as if this is incorrect, Antonio knew blood would be drawn and he was ready to die which proves it. However, this was a good solution to the problem, Antonio lives; Shylock can take the money and it would all be over. But again, Shylock does not receive justice due to this, and after the treatment he gets, I think he deserves it. Here, I think Portia is being especially unfair by leading Shylock on, leading him to think he was going to get his revenge but then right at the last second she crushes his spirit. I think she couldve easily laid down this information at the start of the hearing. She is clearly trying to humiliate him in front of everybody, which, in my opinion, is disgusting considering the humiliation he already receives plus what that information alone would do to him to start with! Portia punishes him further when she reveals that since Shylock is an alien trying to seek the life of an innocent, half his goods got to Antonio, and the other half to the Duke. From earlier on in the play, Shylock has shown that money is one of the most important things to him. So on top of clearly, the most important thing to Shylock, his revenge on Antonio, he has also been subject to losing all his money. He is ganged up on by almost every Venetian because he is a Jew. I believe the only reason we dont hear about it being so for different Jews is because of Shylock trying to do something about the abuse and treatment he receives. Shylock is also told he would have to beg for his life, beg mercy of the Duke. However, the Duke instantly says I pardon thee thy life before tough ask it. This is the first real mercy Shylock receives, even if it was out of pity. In my opinion, the Duke is the only important character in the play who truthfully just wants peace between everyone. For example, the Duke basically says what other people want and whats best, but he doesnt insult people like Shylock. I believe Shylock deserves this kind of treatment normally. Fortunately, it seems Antonio follows the Dukes path; quit the fine for one half of his goods. Antonio gives Shylock more pit, be giving him half of his money back but when he dies it passes unto his son Lorenzo. I, at this point, feel sorry for Shylock that all that has happened is that he has lost half his money and it will go to the person who stole his daughter and his ducats. At the same time I felt good that Shylock isnt going to die and its not a punishment that is too big and in fact its mercy from Antonio. But then Antonio says he presently become a Christian. From my point of view, this is the worst treatment Shylock could ever receive. The duke then forces Shylock to agree or he will recant the pardon he gave to Shylock, so he would die. This is another point where I believe everyone has ganged up on Shylock. However, 400 years ago, it wouldve been a great event for Shylock to become a Christian so he can become a good person, because how the Christians saw it, Jews were evil. However, living in the time that I do, I believe that everybody has a right to have their own beliefs. Shylock should not have been forced to become a Christian. Judaism is his life. The way I see it you would have to be extremely ignorant to believe that this was good action taken by Antonio. I believe no matter how evil the Christians viewed Shylock as, this makes Antonio dwarf Shylocks evil. Shylocks final words are I pray you give me leave to go from hence. I am not well. These show how broken Shylock has become from the trial. He has always been a confident person but everything has been taken away from him bit by bit during the play and theres clearly not much left. How I see it ending for Shylock, is for him to end his life on his own terms. At the start of the play, I would have never thought he would do that, he wasnt that kind of person. But after his outer shell and his inner too were broke down, I can see he is very brittle and sad because he is alone. And suicide is what I can see him doing because he thinks if he kills himself, he will have at least be doing it on his own terms, when in fact, its the opposite. In conclusion, I believe Shylock didnt receive the treatment he got. He has been segregated and insulted. He was a normal man trying to make profit, who had been insulted and spat on. He failed in getting his revenge and was humiliated for it. If I wrote this is Shakespeares time, Im sure Id be writing a very different essay with a very different conclusion. Id be supporting Antonio etc. With all the lessons Ive learnt from the past generations, I see Shylock should not be treated differently because of his religion. The outcome of the story would be so different if Antonio was to try and kill Shylock even though really theyre so similar. They both are trying to get business done with a slightly evil side to them. Antonio wouldnt have been treated badly, so Shylock shouldnt have been.